A large hydraulic cylinder is an actuator that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. It uses the pressure of hydraulic oil to push the piston rod in a linear reciprocating motion, enabling power output and motion control in various types of machinery. These cylinders are widely used in fields such as engineering, metallurgy, mining, shipbuilding, and more.
Cylinder Classification
1. Classified by structural form:
- Piston-type hydraulic cylinders are classified into single-acting and double-acting types. In a single-acting cylinder, hydraulic oil pushes the piston in one direction, while the return stroke relies on an external force. In contrast, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder allows the piston to move in both directions under the action of hydraulic oil.
- Piston-type hydraulic cylinder: The piston is a single moving component, driven by hydraulic oil pressure to perform linear motion. It offers a longer stroke, making it ideal for applications requiring high thrust and extended travel—commonly used in large construction machinery and mining equipment.
- Telescopic hydraulic cylinders: Composed of multiple nested sleeves, they enable long strokes while occupying minimal space. They are commonly used in equipment such as cranes and excavators, where large strokes are required but installation space is limited.
2. Classified by installation method:
- Ear-type hydraulic cylinders: Equipped with ear structures at both ends for easy connection to other components, offering flexible installation and suitable for various mounting scenarios, such as arm-to-arm connections in construction machinery.
- Flanged hydraulic cylinders: Connected to other components via flanges for a secure fit, these cylinders are ideal for applications requiring high load-bearing capacity, such as the transmission sections of metallurgical equipment.
- Hinge-type hydraulic cylinder: The cylinder body can swing around a hinge axis, making it suitable for applications requiring multi-angle motion, such as the steering gear systems of ships.
Design Parameters
1. Basic Parameters
- Cylinder bore diameter (D): Calculated based on the required thrust and working pressure, using the formula: 
, among which 
For thrust, 
For work-related stress.
- Piston rod diameter (d): Typically 0.3 to 0.7 times the cylinder bore diameter, meaning 
( 
(ranging from 0.3 to 0.7), determined based on working pressure and load conditions.
Travel (S): Determined based on usage requirements, typically 10–30 times the cylinder bore diameter.
2. Structural Parameters
- Cylinder wall thickness (δ): According to the formula 
Calculation, where 
For the test pressure (typically 1.25 to 1.5 times the working pressure), 
Allowable stress for the material.
- Cylinder head thickness (h): According to the formula 
Calculation, where 
For the cylinder bore diameter, 
Allowable stress for cylinder head material.
- Minimum guide length (H): 
, among which 
For the itinerary, 
For the cylinder bore diameter.
3. Performance Parameters
- Work pressure (P): Determined according to system requirements, typically ranging from 16 to 35 MPa.
- Flow rate (Q): 
, among which 
For speed, 
For piston area.
- Speed (v): 
, among which 
For traffic, 
For piston area.
Process Introduction
1. Material Selection: High-strength steels such as 45# steel and 27SiMn are typically used to ensure the hydraulic cylinder's strength and wear resistance.
2. Manufacturing processes: These include forging, turning, grinding, boring, honing, and other techniques to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of cylinder barrels and piston rods. Key components such as pistons and seals undergo precision machining and rigorous inspection.
3. Heat Treatment Process: Perform tempering, quenching, and other heat treatments on the cylinder barrel and piston rod to enhance the material's hardness, strength, and wear resistance.
4. Surface Treatment: Perform surface treatments such as hard chrome plating and oxidation to enhance wear resistance and corrosion protection, thereby extending service life.
5. Assembly and Debugging: Assemble strictly according to process requirements, ensuring precise fit and smooth operation of all components. After assembly, conduct rigorous debugging and testing to confirm that the hydraulic cylinder’s performance metrics meet the specified standards.
Scope of Application
1. Engineering Applications: Used to drive components such as boom arms and dipper sticks in construction machinery like excavators, loaders, and bulldozers, enabling actions like digging, loading, and pushing earth.
2. Metallurgical Industry: In equipment such as rolling mills and presses, it provides robust power to carry out processes like metal material rolling and pressing.
3. Mining machinery: In equipment such as coal mining machines and tunneling machines, it drives key components like the cutting unit and traveling mechanism, supporting efficient mining operations.
4. Marine Sector: Used to drive equipment such as ship steering gears, cargo handling machines, and hatch covers, ensuring the safe navigation and operations of vessels.
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