1. Introduction to Medium Chromium Alloy Liners
Medium Chromium Alloy Liner is a wear-resistant material developed for medium impact and medium-high wear conditions. By optimizing chromium content (7-12%) and multi-alloy composition, it achieves an excellent balance between wear resistance, toughness, and cost, making it an ideal choice for liners in grinding equipment such as ball mills and vertical mills.
Performance Positioning
High Chromium Cast Iron vs Medium Chromium Alloy vs Low Alloy Steel
Characteristics |
High Chromium Cast Iron (Cr≥20%) |
Medium Chromium Alloy (Cr7-12%) |
Low Alloy Steel (Cr≤3%) |
Hardness (HRC) |
58-66 |
52-58 |
40-48 |
Impact Toughness (J/cm²) |
3-8 |
10-20 |
30-60 |
Wear Resistance Index |
1.0 (Baseline) |
0.7-0.8 |
0.3-0.5 |
Corrosion Resistance |
Excellent (pH 3-12) |
Good (pH 5-10) |
Poor |
Cost per Ton (10,000 RMB/ton) |
2.8-3.5 |
1.8-2.3 |
1.0-1.5 |
2. Performance Features and Advantages of Medium Chromium Alloy Liners
High Hardness: Macroscopic hardness usually ranges from HRC 55 to 65 (quenched and tempered state). The high hardness martensitic matrix combined with high hardness chromium carbides provides excellent resistance to abrasive wear.
Good Wear Resistance: Under abrasive wear conditions (especially low-stress abrasive wear and moderate-stress erosive wear), wear resistance is significantly better than high manganese steel (ZGMn13), typically 1.5 to 3 times or more. Wear resistance is close to or slightly lower than high-quality high chromium cast iron (such as Cr20, Cr26), but with a clear cost advantage.
Moderate Toughness: Toughness is better than high chromium cast iron (especially high carbon high chromium cast iron), but lower than high manganese steel and high-quality alloy steel. It can withstand moderate impact loads without brittle fracture or large-scale spalling. Suitable for ball mill shell plates, grate plates, and lifting bars with moderate impact.
Certain Corrosion Resistance: The addition of chromium provides some resistance to water and slurry corrosion, superior to ordinary carbon steel and low alloy steel.
Good Hardenability: Thanks to elements like chromium, molybdenum, and nickel, medium chromium alloy has good hardenability, ensuring uniform hardness across thick liners (e.g., over 100mm), with a predominantly martensitic structure at the core.
3. Material Classification and Application Scenarios of Medium Chromium Alloy Liners
Main Material Types
Medium Carbon Medium Chromium Type I: Suitable for crushing scenarios requiring high impact toughness, enhancing crushing efficiency by adjusting grinding media movement.
Medium Carbon Medium Chromium Type II: Slightly higher carbon content with more uniform carbide distribution, improved wear resistance, suitable for high-intensity wear conditions.
High Carbon Medium Chromium Alloy Steel: Contains 0.65%-0.7% carbon, 4.0%-4.5% chromium, with synergistic elements like Cu and Nb, hardness HRC 50-55, wear resistance 7.8 times that of high manganese steel.
Typical Application Areas
Mining Ball Mills: Protects the shell from direct impact by grinding media, suitable for dry and wet mixed grinding processes, reducing equipment vibration.
Cement Industry: Replaces high manganese steel liners to solve deformation issues, reduce maintenance costs, and help save energy and reduce consumption.
Crusher Parts: Used as protective filler material to buffer ore impact and reinforce shell structure.
Preparation Process and Technological Innovations of Medium Chromium Alloy Liners
Key Production Processes
Composition Design: Optimizing formulas through multi-alloying, such as adding 0.2%-0.3% Re to high carbon medium chromium liners for modification treatment, refining grains and improving steel cleanliness, avoiding expensive Mo and Ni elements to reduce costs.
Heat Treatment Process: Using dual-medium quenching agents to precisely control austenitizing temperature, obtaining a composite structure of martensite + bainite + retained austenite, balancing hardness and toughness.
Casting and Melting: Melted in a 1550°C medium frequency furnace, cast by 1450°C top pouring method to ensure uniform composition; followed by casting cleaning and isothermal quenching to eliminate internal stress and optimize microstructure.
4. Precautions
1. Condition Matching: Avoid high impact: In high impact zones of large autogenous/semi-autogenous mills (such as the top of tall lifting bars), toughness may be insufficient; prioritize high toughness alloy steel.
Pay Attention to Abrasive Properties: For extremely hard and sharp abrasives (such as quartz sand), wear resistance may be inferior to high chromium cast iron.
2. Heat Treatment Quality: Heat treatment is key to unleashing the potential of medium chromium alloys. Poor heat treatment can lead to poor matrix structure (such as the presence of pearlite), uneven hardness, and poor toughness, significantly shortening service life.
3. Casting Quality: Internal defects (shrinkage, slag inclusion) are common causes of early failure. Choose reputable suppliers with stable processes.
4. Installation and Maintenance: Install strictly according to specifications to ensure bolts are properly tightened. Regularly check the tightness and wear to prevent liner loosening or excessive wear that could damage the cylinder.
Keywords
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Medium chrome alloy liner
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